The Legacy Of John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address

John F. Kennedy was seen as one of the most charming, prominent, and youngest American presidents of our time. He brought ideas and plans to make America a better place when he stepped into office. His run as president was so unique because he had set out plans for office, but he was assassinated before he could go through with some of them. Vice president Lyndon B. Johnson stepped up to the challenge to continue Kennedy’s plans (John F. Kennedy). John F. Kennedy’s domestic policies in the Civil Right s Movement and the peace corps organization helped outside countries understand American culture and helped him shape the American identity that changed America into a new nation. In the 1960’s there were many problems going on around the world. John F. Kennedy had to take on the challenge of fixing the racial problems in the United States. In Kennedy’s inaugural address, he tells America that our concerns should be focused on the future. The old era is endin g and the old way will not do (Inaugural Address). Kennedy wants to push to end racism in America with his domestic policies. The old ways of thinking blacks are cursed from society has to change. America must change that idea and make America an equal nation for all citizens. Through Kennedy’s domestic policies he was able to take on this challenge with full force. Kennedy started to enforce existing laws over new ones. This is so he could get the whites in the south to vote for his reelection in 1964. He changedShow MoreRelatedLeslie Cardoso. Leslie Cardoso. Ap English 3. P.3.1082 Words   |  5 PagesCardoso Leslie Cardoso Ap English 3 p.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The JFK Inaugural Address On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of America s few standout inaugural addresses and one of the finest speeches in American history. By invoking the American dream and extending its promise to the rest of the world, Kennedy s speech was an inspirational call to action that resonates even today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, The article â€Å"Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years on†,Read MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Inaugural Speech2478 Words   |  10 Pagessurprise that John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural speech on January 20, 1961had a great impact on the American public (ar100). His speech is famous for it’s eloquence and ending call to action, challenging the American public to, â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country (JFK 1).† Traditionally, inaugural speeches are given to unify the nation and provide a clear picture of what the future will look like throughout the p residency. During the time of Kennedy’s inaugural speechRead MoreCompare and Contrast Lincoln And Jfk Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate he expressed his opinion that the nation would either be all slavery or all free, A house divided against itself cannot stand. In 1860, Lincoln ran for president against Northern Democrat Douglas, Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. He defeated the three, declaring him the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Lincoln was a Republican who was directly concerned with Civil Rights. He was not an abolitionist, but was determinedRead MoreThe First Years of the Peace Corps Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves, for whatever period is required,† (Kennedy 2), John F. Kennedy told an inspired crowd and an ambitious nation during his inaugural address on January 20, 1961. The origins for his plan to establish a program to assist developing countries originated about 4 months earlier during an early morning speech at the University of Michigan, where, at 2 a.m., he challenged the students to â€Å"contribute part of [there] life to this country†(Kennedy 1). His speech received a thunderous response andRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy - the Speaker Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesI choose John F. Kennedy to write about as he epitomizes a great speaker to me. As I learned in class and in reading the textbook, credibility is key for any speaker to be fully respected. I believe that John F. Kennedy not only meets this qualification but surpasses it. Over the years I have looked at his speaking methodology and tried to follow his direction in speaking with knowledge, truth, and having the credibility on the subject matter. After being sworn into office, one of the best speechesRead MoreThe Leadership And Legacy Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy3150 Words   |  13 PagesCamelot: The Leadership and Legacy of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Carson Ray Senior Division Individual Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,470 words To the average person, Camelot was an era of promise, hope, perfection, and the struggle for equality. It was America’s only real with national royalty as the people looked to the president and first lady for fashion, their connections to Hollywood and the very rich, and how to comport themselves in a most glamorous manner..Read MoreEssay about The New Deal and the Great Society1175 Words   |  5 Pageshistory clearly resemble each other. Also, the goals of the Great Society largely compare to those of the New Deal. Finally, the New Deal and the Great Society prove to be alike through their lasting legacies. The Great Society resembles the New Deal in its origins, goals, and social and political legacies. The origins of the Great Society reflects that of the New Deal in various ways. One common origin of these two programs is their basis in Progressive ideas. Although the period after World War IRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: A Legacy Never Forgotten1377 Words   |  6 Pages Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names(Brainy Quotes). John F Kennedy said this during one of his speeches, and ironically no one will ever forget the name of the person who murdered him, Lee Harvey Oswald, an enemy of the American Public. When Kennedy ran for office, he had to seem like the more experienced candidate and appeal to all of the people. During his speeches, Kennedy engaged his audiences and they hung on his every word. However, the tragic event of his assassinationRead MoreCompare Contrast: Lincoln and Jfk1762 Words   |  8 Pagesdebate he expressed his opinion that the nation would either be all slavery or all free, A house divided against itself cannot stand. In 1860, Lincoln ran for president against Northern Democrat Douglas, Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. He defeated the three, declaring him the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Lincoln was a Republican who was directly concerned with Civil Rights. He was not an abolitionist, but was determinedRead MoreI Am John Fitzgerald Kennedy s Inaugural Address1616 Words   |  7 Pagesrepeating; â€Å"the world is very different now† (â€Å"Inaugural Address† 1). These were the words I would present in my inaugural address just hours away. I have ideas-- principles that will change lives, views that will transform a nation, and philosophies that will evoke peace in today’s modern world. I will strive for my fellow Americans to â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you--but what you can do for your country† (1). I am John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a Harvard graduate, a Navy man, a former Congressman

The Lorax 2 Free Essays

The Lorax Sequel By Georgia and Maddie â€Å"So†¦Catch! † calls the once-ler He lets something fall It’s a truffula seed It’s the last one of all You’re in charge of the last of the truffula seeds And truffula trees are what everyone needs Plant a new truffula, treat it with care Give it clean water and feed it fresh air Grow a forest protect it from axes that hack Then the lorax And all of his friends May come back. † So off ted went with the seed in his hand An idea in his head, and no greed in his plan He left for a place where the sky is blue With a small patch of sunlight That leaves the green grass new The clouds that filled the sky were a crisp white A place where the Swomee-Swans could take flight And the humming fish hummed in the rippulous pond While the Brown Bar- ba- loots played And sung in the shade â€Å"Excuse me! Excuse me! ‘Ted cried out ‘I need your help without a single doubt, To plant this Truffula seed to help it grow We can work together its essential you know We could live in peace and learn to keep a balance Between the Truffula trees but also the Thneeds! I am a man of my word and a man of my deeds So let me help you and speak for the trees! ’ Slowly but surely the brown Bar-ba-loots peeked Out at this Ted that had made a loud squeak The humming fish glanced as the Swomee- Swans shrieked; ‘We’ll help you dear Ted plant your little Truffula seed! ’ As the Truffula tree slowly grew, More and more animals returned too To help little Ted and his crew Mature a forest creating a new world for me and you So let the word know, call them in We’ll live all together as kin In little huts up in those truffula tufts Where thneeds are still made And no trees will be slayed By taking those tufts a little And using nothing but whittle Leaving the tufts to restore In their glory and awe To create a balance that no one can flaw Up in the clouds The lorax did grin The place we created that is our greatest win How to cite The Lorax 2, Essay examples

Pathophysiological Change Role (Sample Solution)

Question: Explain the pathophysiological changes that occur as a result of long term health problems Demonstrate an understanding of the pivotal role of communication in continuing care Explain the relationship between attitudinal development and belief systems to the individuals perception and responses to their health circumstances Analyse the role of life events and lifestyles in terms of health status and coping strategies Answer: Nursing Case Study According to Elsherief and Noble (2011) is a chronic illness and caused due to tobacco smoking. From researches, it is found that COPD is the fifth most common cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK Elsherief and Noble (2011). The aim of this paper is to discuss about the condition of a patient who is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the interaction of nurses with the patient to help him. A real life case study was taken to develop this paper. To avoid the ethical issues regarding patients confidentiality, an alias name is used to refer the patient (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2015). In this paper, the patient is referred as Frank. For assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating, the care of Frank Roper, Logan and Tierney activities of daily model is used (McCrae, 2012). This model is used to assess, as it allows the methodical identification of potential or actual problems that the patient may face and allows the clear recognition of nursing needs (McCrae, 2012). Frank (60 year old) from London has been admitted to the hospital with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Frank started his career from the age of 20 years old as a builder. He stopped working at the age of 58 to take care of his wife. His wife later died of breast cancer and his son has now lived in Australia. From the medical history, it was found that in 1989, Frank was diagnosed with prostate cancer and went through treatment. He was very depressed therefore, started smoking heavily. In 2010, he was diagnosed with COPD. After that, he has lost weight and he was becoming breathless when doing household tasks and simple exercises. Assessment To assess the present condition of the patient, assessment tool was adapted from Roper, Logan and Tierney's activities of the daily living nursing model. This model is used to assess, as it allows the methodical identification of potential or actual problems that the patient may face and allows the clear recognition of nursing needs (McCrae, 2012). This assessment framework is one of the most popular frameworks used in the UK and Ireland. This tool is easy to use and translate into practice (McCrae, 2012). The activities of living are often considered to have limited scope, which leads to the dissatisfaction of the model. Therefore, according to Roper, 1996 this tool should not be used as checklist, but as a nurses approach to the health care organization. However, the complexity of this model limited its application. The nursing treatment is an organized series of problem-solving mechanism used to recognize and to manage the health troubles of a patient (Postma et al. 2011). Activities of daily living (ADL) of Frank were assessed following steps methodically, such as assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation (Weldam et al. 2013). It is found that Frank is facing main problems related to his mobility, eating and drinking. General mobility, eating and drinking are considered as basic ADLs, since these are self-care tasks. A patient experiencing problems with basic ADLs needs intense care of the nurses. However, not only the physical condition but also the emotional aspects of the patients health needed to be considered. The limitation of ADL framework is, this framework does not consider the emotional aspects of the patients. Therefore, the nurses need to use their profound knowledge throughout the process to prepare changes in approach to the patients altering state. The nurses need to u se their clinical knowledge to identify the problems experiencing by the patients. To understand the physical and psychological condition of the patient and to help them, nurses can use Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs. This theory is helpful since it can explain the patients psychological needs, safety needs, needs of love, self-esteem and self-actualization (Thielke et al. 2012). According to (Wilkins Dexter, 2010), patient assessment is a conscious, organized and collaborating process that reinforces every aspect of nursing care. To recognize the patients needs and concern the nurses can use individualized care. Every patient is unique and so that their needs, therefore individualized care is helpful in the patients treatment. The process of assessment necessitates the nurse need to make precise and significant observation, to gather, confirm and put in the order data to make decisions about the care and treatment needs (Wilkins Dexter, 2010). To assess a patient, nurse needs to consider about the patients physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual and cultural need. Since Frank was diagnosed with COPD, it was found that he was losing weight rapidly as well as food appetite, which in turn causes anxiety and breathlessness. Another reason behind the weight loss of Frank is the side effect of certain medicine (such as salbutamol). To measure the nutrition, reduction, the nurses checked his weight and body mass index (Sundh et al. 2011). However, many researchers advised that BMI is less consistent in the older people because of age related changes, such as ratio of muscle to fat, posture and height (Garcia-Rio et al. 2012). According to many researchers, assessment is the initial step of the nutrition care process (Sundh et al. 2011). However, it provides the foundation for the nutritional diagnosis. The researchers also mentioned that MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) screening process is simple, quick, reliable and inexpensive. Therefore, it can be used to identify who is suffering from malnutrition. This MUST plan also consists of man agement guidelines, which are used to develop a care plan for the patient (van Venrooij et al. 2011). This tool is vital and beneficial to the assessment and determination of risk by looking at the patients BMI, psychological stress, history of weight loss or any other condition that could affect their dietary intake. However, the use of this tool is very tedious. Use of MUST tool can guide the staffs to come up with an individual score for each patient and this score is helpful to assess Franks condition. Since, frank is diagnosed as malnourished, he need to be referred to a dietician. A nutritional risk assessment was performed to find out Franks risk of fluid, electrolytes or acid- base imbalance. It is observed that fluid balance chart helps to calculate urine output, eating pattern, fluid intake and bowel movements of a patient. Therefore, this fluid chart can be used to assess the fluid intake rate and eating patterns of Frank. Less amount of fluid intake can cause dry mouth, which in turn may have an impact on the nutrition and health of Frank. Less fluid intake can also change his eating pattern. Therefore, it is important to measure the fluid intake of the patient by using a fluid chart. On the other hand, administration of medicines such as diuretic flurosemide (used to ease breathing) can cause dry mouth and dehydration (Layec et al. 2011) The nurses assessed Franks mobility and skin condition. According to nurses observation, it was found that his skin was intact, dry and flaky. In addition, frank appeared to be tired and lack of energy. Considering his energy level and skin condition it could be assumed that frank is at a risk of developing ulcers. Therefore, a Waterlow risk assessment was carried on, which indicated the risk areas that could be faced by Frank (Kaitani et al. 2010). The aim of the nurse was to improve Franks weight, a balanced diet, implementation of skin care and fluid intake. The aim was to lessen the threat of other complications related to malnutrition such as poor infection, poor mobility, low energy and poor immunity (Kelly et al. 2010). According to NICE (The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines (2010) all patients with COPD should be referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. This rehabilitation is helpful assisting Frank to improve his physical and social performance. Pathophysiology The healthy human lung is made up of springy and elastic fibers that allow them to constrict and stretch during breathing, which is vital in delivering oxygen to tissues and cells of the body, and to remove CO2 (Parent, 2015). Lung can be considered unhealthy if it is unable to empty the air out such as in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (Galvagno, 2013). COPD can be caused by variable factors, such as, viruses, environmental pollution and tobacco smoking, which can cause inflammation of the airways and worsen obstructions leading to expiration flow limitation (Miravitlles et al., 2012). The decrease in expiration and inspiration difficulties can attribute to the mucosal edema, bronchospasms and sputum inspissations. In most cases, exposure to noxious stimuli due to tobacco smoking can cause COPD. It is found that COPD amplified normal inflammatory response. However, the pathogenic mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. However, it is observed that the increasing numbers of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes release elastases in such a way that resulted in lung destruction. In addition, free radicals in tobacco smoke can increase oxidative stress of human. Autoimmune mechanisms and aging can also be accelerated by COPD. The lungs are composed of the bronchi and contain approximately 300 million pulmonary air sacs called alveoli where gaseous exchange takes place a process known as diffusion (Peate and Nair, 2015). Both capillaries and the alveoli have cell-thick walls, which facilitate gaseous exchange via diffusion through the respiratory membranes (Khurana, 2013). It is observed that surfactant fluid (secreted by septal cells) prevents the alveoli from drying out and the subsequent reduction in the surface tension that prevents the alveolar from collapsing during expiration (Khurana, 2013). In respiration, oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream from the air sac and the carbon dioxide is transferred into the air sac from the lungs. Since, Frank started smoking excessively, the elimination of carbon dioxide from his body will be restricted. It is found that the excess presence of excess carbon dioxide in the body may lead to the decrement of hydrogen potential (pH) in blood. In addition, excess C O can dissolve in body water to create carbonic acid, which can make Franks blood more acidic. The normal pH of the human body is 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly basic (Seimetz et al. 2011). Therefore, it is certain that frank is going to face health related problem due to pH change of the body, in the future. Peterson (2012) informs that healthy lungs are porous like a sponge and springy to touch and have a reserve capacity where a person rarely breathes deep enough to fill the lungs completely. While, during expiration stretched lungs have an elastic recoil tendency to spring back into shape, which provides the required force for the satisfactory expiratory flow (Seimetz et al. 2011). Irreversible and progressive damage to the lungs in patients with COPD can lead to the inability to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide (due to the accumulation of carbon in the lungs); therefore, Frank may face shortness of breath (dyspnoea) in the future. In addition, Breathlessness or dyspnoea is correlated with reduced nutritional intake, which can lead to malnutrition because of elevated energy output associated with labored breathing (Parshall et al. 2012). Obstruction of the airways is the final stage of lung damage in COPD due to the loss of elastic recoil, airway narrowing, inflammation and too much mucus, which traps air in the lungs during exhalation. The degree of airflow obstruction in COPD is due to increased airway resistance and the reduction of lung elastic recoil. If COPD is not treated in its early stage then it can lead to the death of the patient. However, it is found that symptoms are reduced when the patient stops smoking tobacco (Parshall et al. 2012). Care Planning Self- care of patient includes the patients capability to endure with their treatment and long-term condition or generate suitable lifestyle changes. From previous researches, it is found that patients do not like to stay in hospital unless it is necessary (Goeschel et al. 2010). Successful implementation of self-care is efficient to decrease the frequency of hospital admission. Self-care is, when a patient takes responsibilities for their own health and wellbeing, with additional support from their family and healthcare workers. However, from the family history of Frank it is observed that His wife is dead and his only son lives in Australia, therefore practically he does not have any family member to support him in self-care. Therefore, Frank need to rely on his health care professionals (nurses). On the other hand, Dieticians can understand the unique goals and challenges of a patient, therefore, Frank need to consult with a dietician. Frank is suffering from malnutrition and the need to change his eating habit. A dietician can help him to establish a healthy eating pattern. However, dietician and Frank need to work together and decide what he would like to accomplish with a better diet. According to previous researches weight, maintain is very important for COPD patients, since COPD is one of the main reasons to the reduction of weight, which in turn may lead to the health related problems in future (Farooqi et al. 2011). The dietician need to gather all the information they need to help the patient (Frank) and the next step is to create an eating action plan especially for him by considering his all health related factors (Farooqi et al. 2011). According to other researchers, this step should be taken by the dieticians, not only for the COPD patient, but also for the other patients who are suffering from diabetes or high blood pressure. The development of eating plan should reflect Franks eating patterns, that is, whether he prefers three smaller meals throughout the day. Since, Frank is appeared as tired and lack of energy, the dietician can encourage him to consume glucose polymers in powder or liquid regularly so that he can have a boost of energy whenever needed. Addition of glucose can increase the energy content in diet chart. Foods charts are vital since the necessary information needed to form the basis of a nutritional assessment. Food chart is used to indicate the valuable resources for the patient (Farooqi et al. 2011). The food chart is essential to assess if Frank is eating and drinking enough, thus allowing an action to be taken to support him with reduced dietary intake. Franks food chart demonstrate that he is consuming less colorized food. Therefore, dietician needs to include high calorie food in Franks diet chart, which will help him to recover from malnutrition. On the other hand, he is also suffering from dehydration. Therefore, dietician needs to take care of the fluid consumed by the patient (Frank). On the other hand, Frank also needs the help of a physiotherapist as he is experiencing mobility problems. Physiotherapy helps to reinstatefunction and movement when someone is affected by disability, illness or injury (Tang et al. 2010). Therefore, physiotherapy will be helpful to restore his movement and function. It takes a holistic approach that involves the patient directly in their care. The duty of a physiotherapist is to take care of people of all ages, assisting them to manage their pain, using a variety of methods to assist recovery. According to Tang et al. 2010, physiotherapist treats physical problems that are a link to the body system. It can be assumed that the proper treatment from physiotherapist will help to resolve problems of bones, joints and soft tissues, which in turn will help to reduce the respiration problem, experienced by Frank. The Occupational therapy is focused on general life skills, such as the ability to help him function independently, from personal hygiene to shopping. The therapist can suggest Frank things like safety rails next to the toilet or tub. They also need to educate Frank on how to maneuver and make changes in his home to accommodate it. The occupational therapist can show him energy saving techniques if they are exhausted to bath and dress and recommend a shower chair or safety mats, if situation demand. This will help him to ease his movement and lead a better and safe lifestyle. Communication Strategies Communication is considered as the act of transferring information between two men (de Vito 2013). The fundamental skills used by a nurse to communicate with a patient are questioning, listening, explaining and reflecting (McCabe Timmins 2013). These skills should be put into practice, to achieve the best outcome, and this can achieved through teamwork and collaboration between the patient and the nurse. Communication skills are important while providing treatment to a COPD patient. Frank a patient diagnosed with COPD is also suffering from depression and other associated diseases. It is observed that patients suffering from depression not only needs clinical treatments, but also need care and respect from the nurses. Therefore, nurses need to give their full attention to listen Franks problem and then help him out. Nurses in the health care system should use an excellent communication skill such as talking with him more patiently to gain his trust as well as providing him a friendl y environment. Being a patient it, is important to listen the patients since listening to a patient concern is the most caring acts and an important aspect of being a nurse. Verbal communication is very important because if a nurse fails to communicate with the patient verbally, then the patient could feel more depressed and in turn, it may affect the proper diagnosis of the patient. It is observed that without communication, nurses would be unable to provide the correct care. Therefore, nurses need to talk with Frank more patiently to learn details about the symptoms or the experience faced by him, so that they can provide proper interventions for him (McCabe Timmins 2013). To develop the communication skill and gain proper information from Frank the nurses need to frame questionnaire format, which consists of short but open-ended questions. Open-ended questions are helpful to acquire information from the patient, since this questionnaire format provides space to express the feeli ngs of the patient in detail. This is helpful because Frank will have opportunity to express his feelings and experience of physical illness to the nurses, which in turn will be helpful to diagnose him in a better way. On the other hand, close-ended question is helpful to narrow down the potential answer of the patient, which is helpful to acquire information from Frank and evaluate his situation rapidly (McCabe Timmins 2013). From previous researches, it is found that the poor communication with patients can contribute a negative response, such as affecting decision-making and quality of life (Gardiner et al. 2010). In addition, different communication methods were used to reassure Frank such as providing companionship, friendly environment, making appropriate eye contact and low tone of voice while talking with him, etc. Communication between Frank and the nurses becomes vital since, Frank has no family members to talk. Therefore, he needs to talk with someone and express his fee ling, which important to recover him from his state of depression. Only nurses have the chance to talk with him, encourage him to lead a healthy life and help him to recover from depression. Through proper communication, the nurses will be able to teach him about his physical condition, which in turn may encourage him to quit tobacco smoking (Gardiner et al. 2010). Conclusion Smoking cessation is the most important intervention to slow the disease progression of COPD. There are many different ways to help a patient to stop smoking. However, the help of family members is important to recover him from his current situation. From the case study it is found that Frank has no family to take care of him. His wife is dead and his only son is now in Australia. Therefore, nurses need to provide him company and talk with him to resolve his problem. The nurses also need to reserve him in conversation and teach him about his physical condition so that he can recover from his depressed condition and lead a healthy life. References DeVito, J. A. (2013). Essentials of human communication, 8th ed. London: pearson. Difficulties in differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 62(595), pp. e68-e75. Elsherif, M., Noble, H. (2011). Management of COPD using the Roper-Logan- Farooqi, N., Nordstrm, L., Lundgren, R., Sandstrm, T., Hglin, L. (2011). Changes in body weight and physical performance after receiving dietary advice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 1-year follow-up. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 53(1), 70-75. Galvagno, S. M. (2013). Emergency pathophysiology: clinical applications for prehospital care. TetonNewMedia. Garcia-Rio, F., Rojo, B., Casitas, R., Lores, V., Madero, R., Romero, D., ... Villasante, C. (2012). Prognostic value of the objective measurement of daily physical activity in patients with COPD. CHEST Journal, 142(2), 338-346. Gardiner, C., Gott, M., Payne, S., Small, N., Barnes, S., Halpin, D., ... Seamark, D. (2010). Exploring the care needs of patients with advanced COPD: an overview of the literature. Respiratory medicine, 104(2), 159-165. Goeschel, C. A., Wachter, R. M., Pronovost, P. J. (2010). Responsibility for quality improvement and patient safety: hospital board and medical staff leadership challenges. CHEST Journal, 138(1), 171-178. Kaitani, T., Tokunaga, K., Matsui, N., Sanada, H. (2010). Risk factors related to the development of pressure ulcers in the critical care setting.Journal of clinical nursing, 19(3 4), 414-421. Kelly, M., Morgan, A., Ellis, S., Younger, T., Huntley, J., Swann, C. (2010). Evidence based public health: a review of the experience of the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) of developing public health guidance in England. Social science medicine, 71(6), 1056-1062. Khurana, I. (2013) Textbook of human physiology for dental students. 2ndedn. New Delhi: Elsevier Ltd. Layec, G., Haseler, L. J., Hoff, J., Richardson, R. S. (2011). Evidence that a higher ATP cost of muscular contraction contributes to the lower mechanical efficiency associated with COPD: preliminary findings. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology,300(5), R1142-R1147. McCabe, C., Timmins, F. (2013). Communication skills for nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. McCrae, N. (2012). Whither Nursing Models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence based practice and multidisciplinary health care.Journal of advanced nursing, 68(1), 222-229. Miravitlles, M. Andreu, I, Romero, Y., Sitjar, S., Alts, A. and Anton, E. (2012) Nursing and Midwifery Council (2015). The NMC code of professional conduct: standards for Parent, R. A. (2015) Comparative biology of the normal lung. 2ndedn. Oxford: Elsevier Inc. Parshall, M. B., Schwartzstein, R. M., Adams, L., Banzett, R. B., Manning, H. L., Bourbeau, J., ... Mahler, D. A. (2012). An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 185(4), 435-452. Peate, I. and Nair, M. (2015) Anatomy and physiology for nurses at a glance. Chicester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Postma, D., Anzueto, A., Calverley, P., Jenkins, C., Make, B. J., Sciurba, F. C., ... Eriksson, G. (2011). A new perspective on optimal care for patients with COPD. Prim Care Respir J, 20(2), 205-209. Seimetz, M., Parajuli, N., Pichl, A., Veit, F., Kwapiszewska, G., Weisel, F. C., ... Nikam, S. (2011). Inducible NOS inhibition reverses tobacco-smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in mice. Cell, 147(2), 293-305. Sundh, J., Stllberg, B., Lisspers, K., Montgomery, S. M., Janson, C. (2011). Co-morbidity, body mass index and quality of life in COPD using the Clinical COPD Questionnaire. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 8(3), 173-181. Tang, C. Y., Taylor, N. F., Blackstock, F. C. (2010). Chest physiotherapy for patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. Physiotherapy,96(1), 1-13. Thielke, S., Harniss, M., Thompson, H., Patel, S., Demiris, G., Johnson, K. (2012). Maslows hierarchy of human needs and the adoption of health-related technologies for older adults. Ageing international, 37(4), 470-488. Tierney framework. British Journal of Nursing, 20(1), 29-33. van Venrooij, L. M., van Leeuwen, P. A., Hopmans, W., Borgmeijer-Hoelen, M. M., de Vos, R., De Mol, B. A. (2011). Accuracy of quick and easy undernutrition screening toolsShort Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and modified Malnutrition Universal Screening Toolin patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(12), 1924-1930. Weldam, S. W., Schuurmans, M. J., Liu, R., Lammers, J. W. J. (2013). Evaluation of Quality of Life instruments for use in COPD care and research: a systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 50(5), 688-707. Wilkins, R. L., Dexter, J. R. (2010). Clinical assessment in respiratory care. London: Mosby, 2010.

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll free essay sample

Topping the charts in 63 with Love Me Do, and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while reforming on the De Sullivan Show, the Beetles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll. They used unique sounds in their music and werent afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on mining strings.They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkeys, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in heir name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock. Their influence is still seen in todays musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beetles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The impact of the Beetles not only on rock and roll but on Western culture ? is simply incalculable.As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beetles records. Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong. The Beetles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They werent afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Battlement.The Beetles originated from Liverpool, England and consists Of Paul McCarty, John Lennox, George Harrison, and Ring Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffs band in 1960. In 1962 they released their first single Love Me Do, which reached the number one spot n U. S. Charts in May of 63. Their first appearance on the De Sullivan Show in February of 64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. History. By April 1 964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100.The Beetles were one of the biggest influences on music during the ass and ass. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll. Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most aromatically seen in SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects.They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beetles Were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing LOL, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avian-GA red effects under the guidance of producer George Martin (Salesman). In SST.Poems Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged into the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack foxhounds in full cry at the end of Good Morning Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beetles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beetles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. A Day In The Life, the last song on the album, featured what Lennox described as a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world (Lazarus) . The song Strawberry Fields Forever fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect. After George Harrison used sitar on the song Norwegian Wood, other bands like the Birds, Yardarms, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporating Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCarty once said, Me would say, Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, K, v?al lose it.But it might just sound good. We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different (All About Jazz). The Beetles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music. They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in he recording process. You can see this in I Feel Fine where there is feedback and also in Long, Long, Long where there is a resonating glass bottle.They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in I am the Walrus, where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broadcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (DAD) during the recording of Revolver because Lennox didnt like singing a song twice. DAD is still widely seed for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking.Other influences the Beetles had on technology were the use of close mining the strings by engineer Geoff Emeriti when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of mining strings, and now it is common practice. The Beetles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record Encasements bass on SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching Del box. The Beetles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beetles ere the first British group to break into America and since the Beetles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility Of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakota, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beetles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardarms. The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beetles. As the sass began, you can see the Beetles influence in artists like Elton John and PinkFloyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beetles were the Monkeys, who even calculatedly misspelled the Anne just like the Beetles. The Monkeys were four actors portraying longhair whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beetles to a tee, including their campaign. Before the Beetles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the county stating, The Beetles Are Coming, and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with theBeetles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkeys, The bands label spent $1 00,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming The Monkeys Are Coming and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys (Statuary 125). After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beetles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed.Ke nnedy was making a change n the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians Of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beetles. Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beetles song She Loves You. l must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town, he later enthused. l knew, I knew that this was the future? (Statuary 140).Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed is own band with Roger Miscuing and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Birds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beetles. They combined Delaney folk, vocal harmonies and Beetles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Gargantuan, and Scotland folk singer Donovan Letch, which Paul McCarty was featured singing with him on his song Mellow Yellow. One other band was Loving Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beetles.When new wave and punk music darted in the late 1 sass, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since (Campbell, Broody 168). In the late sass a new style of music called baggy originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Ablate-queue haircuts and drew heavily on the sass. They fused Beetles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beetles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of theStone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences. The mid ass saw a whole new host of Beetles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennox-queue vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1 995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Raddled had both the Beetles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/guitarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, Theres never been a time when they havent been a part of my life (Salesman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived ND breathed the Beetles.They even named dropped the Beetles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Ablate-queue style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. Its beyond an obsession. Its an ideal for living. Dont even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beetles, Noel Gallagher told Q in 1 996 (Salesman). Of the eight years that were the Beetles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band.

Free Essays on Jackson Vs. Jefferson

Compare and contrast the political philosophies and policies of Jefferson and Jackson. Both Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson brought an amazing era that made a great impact in America. However, although these two men had many similarities, they also had many differences in their political philosophies and policies. In terms of political philosophies, Jefferson and Jackson both favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution. For instance, Jefferson was against Hamilton’s financial plan with the Bank of the United States because he felt that the Constitution did not specifically authorize Congress to pass such bills. For the very same reason, Jackson did not like the Bank of the United States during his time because he too felt that it was unconstitutional. However, during Jefferson’s time, his views on a strict interpretation of the Constitution changed. Jefferson knew that the government couldn’t add new territory or grant American citizenship to the 50,000 residents in the Louisiana Territory in 1803 under the Constitution, but under these circumstances he used a loose interpretation of the Constitution and had the senate ratify the treaty of the Louisiana Purchase. With the national debt, both men had great desires to abolish it. Jefferson lowered the national debt from $83 million to $57 million and Jackson in 1836 had the whole nation totally debt free. During their campaigns, both men stated that they were for the common man, but their views and actions for the common man varied. Jefferson felt that an ordinary citizen could be educated to determine that which was right while Jackson felt that an ordinary citizen knew that which was right from his own instincts. Jefferson and Jackson both supported the fact that the majority should rule. However, Jackson did more to get the common people involved in the national government. He set up more secondary schools to help in the improvement of knowledge and... Free Essays on Jackson Vs. Jefferson Free Essays on Jackson Vs. Jefferson Compare and contrast the political philosophies and policies of Jefferson and Jackson. Both Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson brought an amazing era that made a great impact in America. However, although these two men had many similarities, they also had many differences in their political philosophies and policies. In terms of political philosophies, Jefferson and Jackson both favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution. For instance, Jefferson was against Hamilton’s financial plan with the Bank of the United States because he felt that the Constitution did not specifically authorize Congress to pass such bills. For the very same reason, Jackson did not like the Bank of the United States during his time because he too felt that it was unconstitutional. However, during Jefferson’s time, his views on a strict interpretation of the Constitution changed. Jefferson knew that the government couldn’t add new territory or grant American citizenship to the 50,000 residents in the Louisiana Territory in 1803 under the Constitution, but under these circumstances he used a loose interpretation of the Constitution and had the senate ratify the treaty of the Louisiana Purchase. With the national debt, both men had great desires to abolish it. Jefferson lowered the national debt from $83 million to $57 million and Jackson in 1836 had the whole nation totally debt free. During their campaigns, both men stated that they were for the common man, but their views and actions for the common man varied. Jefferson felt that an ordinary citizen could be educated to determine that which was right while Jackson felt that an ordinary citizen knew that which was right from his own instincts. Jefferson and Jackson both supported the fact that the majority should rule. However, Jackson did more to get the common people involved in the national government. He set up more secondary schools to help in the improvement of knowledge and...

Beto ORourke Biography

Beto O'Rourke Biography Beto O’Rourke (born Robert Francis O’Rourke on Sept. 26, 1972) is a Texas politician whose progressive politics, enthusiastic following on the campaign trail, and aspirations to the presidency have earned him comparisons to a  Kennedy  and  a young Obama. O’Rourke is a former businessman who served three terms in the  U.S. House of Representatives  before embarking on what would be the most expensive, yet unsuccessful, campaign for  U.S. Senate  in the midterm elections of  President Donald Trump’s first term. Fast Facts: Beto O'Rourke Full Name: Robert Francis O’RourkeKnown For:  American politician and potential presidential hopeful. His unsuccessful campaign against Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz was the most expensive in the 2018 congressional midterm elections, costing $80 million.Born:  Sept. 26, 1972, in El Paso, TexasParents:  Pat and Melissa O’RourkeSpouse:  Amy Hoover SandersChildren:  Ulysses, Henry and MollyEducation:  Columbia University, bachelor of arts degree in English literature,  1995.Famous Quote:  I can think of nothing more American than to peacefully stand up, or take a knee, for your rights, any time, anywhere, in any place.Fun Fact:  ORourke played bass in a punk band called Foss. Early Years  and an Unusual  Nickname for an Irish Kid O’Rourke was born in El Paso, Texas, the son of Pat and Melissa O’Rourke. His father was in politics, serving as a Democratic county commissioner and judge before switching  parties and mounting an unsuccessful campaign for Congress. His mother worked in a furniture store. O’Rourke’s family had immigrated from Ireland four generations before, but the young man went by Beto- short for Roberto in Mexico. â€Å"My parents have called me Beto from day one, and it’s just- it’s kind of a nickname for Robert in El Paso. It just stuck,† he has said. As a young man, ORourke often accompanied his politician father around town. He told an interviewer in 2018 that he and his father were far apart in their enjoyment of glad-handing and schmoozing.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He had this real joy in public life, in meeting people and representing people,† the younger O’Rourke recalled about his father. In some ways, I really hated it.  It was the kind of stuff you don’t want to do when you are 10 years old, unless you were really into that. And I wasn’t. I was an awkward and shy kid, so it was the last thing I wanted to do, but now I can look back and bless my experience in it.† As a young teen in high school, ORourke sought distance from his father by transferring from the public high school in El Paso to an all-male boarding school in Virginia, Woodberry Forest. After graduation he entered Columbia University in New York, where he majored in English literature, worked at a publishing house, and wrote fiction while playing bass with a punk band with some friends. After graduating from college, ORourke moved back to El Paso in 1998, and co-founded a software and technology company called Stanton Street Technology Group. He also became a partner in a real-estate firm and invested in property in his home town. Political Career ORourke was catapulted to political fame with his folksy 2018 bid for U.S. Senate against  Republican incumbent Ted Cruz- he livestreamed a 254-county tour of Texas- and his accessibility in the House. He was popular with small-money donors and progressive activists, much the way  Bernie Sanders  was in running for president in 2016. But his political career began on a much smaller level, as a member of El Paso city council from 2005 to 2011. It was during his tenure on city council that he became involved in a controversy that placed him squarely between the interests of his wealthy investor father-in-law and the angry residents and small businesses he was elected to represent. ORourke sided with his father-in-law and publicly supported the plan to replace  tenements and boarded-up buildings in  downtown El Paso with restaurants, shops and an arts walk, a move that angered his constituents. His first step into the national political spotlight came in the May 2012 Democratic congressional primary in Texas, when ORourke knocked off an eight-term incumbent who had been endorsed by  President Barack Obama  and  former President Bill Clinton,  U.S. Rep.  Silvestre Reyes. ORourke was elected that year to represent the 16th Congressional District in El Paso. ORourke served three two-year terms in Congress, and had several pieces of legislation signed into law. One was the â€Å"Honor Our Commitment Act,† which expanded mental health care to veterans with â€Å"other-than-honorable† discharges from the military.   He did not seek re-election to the House in 2018 and chose instead to challenge Cruz for one of the states seats in the U.S. Senate. Cruz narrowly won the race, which in an of itself was shocking because Texas is overwhelmingly Republican. ORourke, though defeated, had accomplished much by running so close to an entrenched incumbent. ORourke has said he is weighing a run for president in 2020. Personal Life and Wealth ORourke married his wife, Amy, in 2005.  She is  the daughter of wealthy real estate mogul  William â€Å"Bill† Sanders. The ORourkes have three children: Ulysses, Molly and Henry.   The Center for Responsive Politics estimated Beto O’Rourke’s net worth as $9.1 million in 2016. His net worth and familial ties to a wealthy real estate investor made him an unlikely star among young progressives in 2018. Arrests O’Rourke has been relatively open about facing criminal charges- one for drunk driving and another for breaking into a facility at the University of Texas at El Paso. Both cases have been used against him by political opponents. In the drunk-driving case, from September 1998, O’Rourke was allegedly driving at a high rate of speed when he crashed his car about a mile from the Texas border with New Mexico. A breath-test administered by police found O’Rourke’s blood-alcohol level was above the legal threshold, 0.10 percent. The 26-year-old’s reading was a high of 0.136, according to published reports. The charge was later dismissed after O’Rourke completed a court-approved program. He has described the DUI as a â€Å"serious mistake for which there is no excuse.† Three years earlier, in 1995, O’Rourke had been charged with attempted forcible entry to the physical plant at the University of Texas at El Paso, where he was a student. He spent a night in the El Paso County Jail, made bail the next day and was released. The charge was later dropped. I along with some friends were horsing around, and we snuck under the fence at the UTEP physical plant and set off an alarm. We were arrested by UTEP police. ... UTEP decided not to press charges. We werent intending to do any harm, he has been quoted saying. Sources and Further Reading Saul, Stephanie. â€Å"Beto ORourke Once Supported an El Paso Real Estate Deal. Barrio Residents Remember.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 29 Oct. 2018,  www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/us/politics/beto-orourke-el-paso-texas-senate.html.Golshan, Tara. â€Å"The Raging Controversy over Beto ORourkes Full Name, Explained.†Ã‚  Vox.com, Vox Media, 8 Mar. 2018,  www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/3/7/17091094/beto-orourke-full-name-ted-cruz-controversy.Bailey, Holly. â€Å"Like Ted Cruz, Beto ORourke Had a Fiery, Charismatic Father. The Similarities End There.† Yahoo! News, Yahoo!, 2 Oct. 2018,  www.yahoo.com/news/like-ted-cruz-beto-orourke-fiery-charismatic-father-similarities-end-090017531.html.Livingston, Abby. â€Å"Disclosures Offer Window into Personal Finances of Ted Cruz and Beto ORourke in Senate Race.†Ã‚  The Eagle, 4 Oct. 2018,  www.theeagle.com/news/texas/disclosures-offer-window-into-personal-finances-of-ted-cruz-and/article_6dc925 eb-df8a-5037-8f24-573abc4b35ac.html.

Reem Al Faisals Dilemma Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reem Al Faisals Dilemma - Case Study Example Reem experienced righteous anger at this humiliation of another, recognizing the injustice; she could have followed her instincts and beliefs and acted to help the young woman, while upholding her own faith and morals. It was clear that the younger woman held a subservient position, yet that did not mean she deserved to be humiliated or treated as less than a person. It was not mere politeness to recognize and respond to another human being and their needs, but a moral obligation to treat them equally. This idea is not only a tenet of Islam, but of many world religions, like Christianity and Buddhism, to name but two. The basic principle of 'do no harm' was violated by the older woman, whose behavior was immoral. Further moral standards include the idea of giving to those who have less than ourselves, to be charitable, and in this case, the differences were obvious; the young woman was poor in comparison to her 'mistress'. In being deprived of courtesy and respect, she was treated as a non person, and in being offered nothing to eat or drink, this status was reinforced. She had no power, nor was her existence considered to have any value. The older woman defined herself by her power and contempt for another human being. She appeared to lack any charitable instincts and instead, set herself above another person in a way that denied that person's human rights. The fee The feelings of the young woman were not explicitly expressed, but Al Faisal recognized them, putting herself in that person's place. She empathized with her, thinking how she herself would feel, watching others eat and drink, while she was singled out as unworthy of such consideration. The happy experience of sharing food and being involved in human interaction was unfairly denied that young woman, for no logical or just reason. While these aspects were taken into account, alongside shyness, politeness, fear of making a fuss, many thoughts and emotions were passing through the onlooker's mind. She was shocked by the lack of basic humanity, and had feelings of shame and "self-contempt" for not having the courage to put right a wrong. More importantly, the realization that to have done nothing was to abandon Islamic belief caused her pain. As she stated: "..if people do not stop an injustice when they see it committed, then God's anger will descend upon them." Reem was angry, not only with the cruel older woman, but with herself for doing nothing. Her anger was righteous, justified, supported by morality, humanity and religious belief. She should have used it to take a stand on behalf of another. On the other hand, the possibility existed that the situation was not quite as it seemed. The full circumstances of the women's relationship were not known; the onlookers could only assume from what they observed, judging by outward appearances. Making assumptions based on what we think is happening can be dangerous. In polite society, it is not acceptable to force one's possibly mistaken views on others. The young woman did not attempt to ask for food or drink, she could have already eaten. She was quiet, but interested in what was going on around her, looking about the place. By transferring one's own feelings and imagination onto the situation, the truth could have been overlooked; perhaps the observer was jumping to the wrong conclusion It is always better to make an informed decision,

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case Study - Essay Example Retrospectively, some self protection views are presented also that can aid Mr. Pecker in avoiding such problems in the future This report can be construed to be a recommendation with regard to Mr. Corky Pecker’s legal position with TMP Operations Pty Ltd as well as any value that the company may offer later on. A summary of the corporate structures during normal operations and immediately after voluntary administration (VA) shall be given first. This summary shall be given with a timeline of events that led to the VA decision. A review of the actions that are open to the administrator for recovering value to pay creditors is given afterwards. An outline of the liabilities and defences of Mr. Pecker shall be given in case the company is liquidated. However, in case the company is saved, advice is given to Mr. Pecker for structuring. Furthermore, many legal, practicable, remedies are given that can be used to assist a negotiating restructure in case negotiations along these lines fails. At the end, the possible role of Mr. Pecker in avoiding these risks he faces now shall be given, for his future use. However, this report shall be limited in scope; it shall only report as to the application of the Corporations Act 2001 (CA, 2001). TMP Operations Pty Ltd (TMPO) is a subsidiary wholly owned by TMP Holdings Pty Ltd (TMPH), with Don Corleone (DC), Rhonda Sadler (RS), Hubert Burdock (HB) and Corky Pecker (CP) as directors. Appendix A (a diagram) explains the corporate structure in more detail; Table A.1 therein gives the timeline of events that led to the VA. Peter Gibson (PG) is the financial advisor and accountant of the group, with legal advice dispensed by RS, while DC retained Martha Stewart (MS) as well. When the TMPO board decided to enter VA, Helen Gleeson (HG) was nominated the administrator. Investigating TMPO’s affairs will be

Personal Application Assignment Essay Example for Free

Personal Application Assignment Essay A variety of texts and articles over the past few years have argued for the use of an alternative approach to teaching organizational behavior, one that emphasizes experiential learning. This approach emphasizes an existential, emergent view for learning organizational behavior (McMullen, 1979), where the role of the instructor is that of learning facilitator, responsible for designing experiences for students to base learning upon, rather than as teacher, responsible for lecturing on theory and concepts. While gaining wide acceptance, this approach has nevertheless created problems in the assessment of students performance. Significant learnings in this model of teaching occur not only from the development of concepts, but also from the experiences themselves. McMullen (as well as others) has proposed the use of a personal application assignment to help solve the problem of performance assessment. This assignment is based upon the experiential learning model formulated by Kolb (1971). This model is discussed in more detail in the text chapter on learning styles. Kolbs model argues that learning occurs through a process which might begin with a concrete experience, which leads to reflective observation about the experience. Abstract conceptualization follows in which models, paradigms, strategies, and metaphors are applied to the results of the experience. Active experimentation concludes the cycle as the concepts are then put into practice, thus generating new concrete experience. Figure 1 shows the model more clearly. In one sense, persons able to learn using all four modes of the model will be better able to take away learning from the variety of contexts in which they interact. We feel that the Personal Application Assignment is a useful tool for both evaluation of a students work in courses taught using an experiential approach; and further, that the Personal Application Assignment can serve as a way to help students learn to learn. The PAA is both an evaluation and a teaching technique. Our past history of teaching using this method has shown that the PAA, in order to be most useful, must include clear guidelines for the student. To that end we have undertaken to set forth the guidelines below to help students to understand the requirements for effective PAAs. Guidelines on Grading, Topic Selection, and Confidentiality First of all, we believe that a 20-point grading system simplifies understanding how each component of the paper is graded and weighted. There are five elements to the paper and each normally is weighted equally. These include the four elements in the learning style model and a fifth element that takes into account the introduction, integration, synthesis and general quality of writing in the PAA. The score given in each element depends upon how effectively the student has met all the criteria listed for that section of the paper. For the instructors part, we believe that instructors need to provide specific feedback as quickly as possible to students on why they were awarded points in each area and, more importantly, what they need to do to improve. To achieve these objectives the same summary sheet that guides the grading is provided to the student as feedback. This sheet is attached at the end of this handout. The above paragraph referred to the weighting as â€Å"normally† being equal for all parts of the paper. In cases where the quality of the student writing is clearly below acceptable standards for college- level courses, this component or the entire paper may be given a significantly lower grade. (Preparing a good quality initial draft to be reviewed by a peer will help eliminate this potential problem. An initial draft is not the same as a first draft or rough draft. It should be a version the student has already revised one or more times. Students should be responsible for seeking out help with their writing skills if necessary. Choosing a good topic is essential. Select an experience that relates to the assigned course topics. It should be an experience that you would like to understand better, (e.g., there was something about it that you do not totally understand, that intrigues you, that made you realize that you lacked certain managerial skills, or that was problematical or significant for you.) When students are excited about learning more about the incident, their papers are lively and interesting. The topic must be meaty enough to take it through the entire learning cycle. The incident does not have to be work related; an incident in any setting (sports, school, family, church, etc.) that relates to the course topics is acceptable. You should select a recent experience (not something that happened back in high school). The more recent the experience, the more likely it is that you could take actions that could improve your current interactions with a supervisor, group member, roommate, or other person with whom you have an ongoing relationship. You also may select an experience which is not ongoing if this is more salient to you. Two additional issues should be considered in choosing your topic. The first is confidentiality. Students sometime wish to write on a topic that is of a personal nature. They may be willing for the instructor to read their paper but not want this to be read by other students in the class. This is a reasonable request and confidentiality will be honored. Students who want their paper to be confidential should inform the instructor ahead of time and should write â€Å"confidential† at the top of the paper. There is one exception to the confidentiality rule. If a student describes conduct related to the University where significant University rules or State/Federal laws have been violated by other students or University staff, the instructor reserves the right to bring this issue to the attention of the appropriate administrator to ensure that the situation is remedied. Elements of the PAA 1. Concrete Experience In this part of the paper, students briefly describe what happens in the experience. A simple description of the events which occurred is not sufficient. The feelings experienced by the student as well as his or her thoughts and perceptions during the experience are relevant to this discussion. Another way of looking at the concrete experience would be to recognize that it possesses an objective and a subjective component. The objective part presents the facts of the experience, like a newspaper account, without an attempt to analyze the content. The subjective part is the here-and-now personal experience of the event. This experience is composed of feelings, perceptions and thoughts. Helpful hints: (1) It often helps students to replay the experience in their mind. After reviewing the experience, students should write a report of what they saw, heard, felt, thought, and heard and saw others doing. (2) Students should avoid presenting the detailed mechanics of the experience unless these are critical to the remainder of the paper. This section of the paper should be no longer than 1.5 pages long. (3) Students should avoid reporting the feelings and thoughts experienced after the experience being described. This retrospection is more appropriate in the reflective observation section. Example: We all sat at the table together. Not a sound came from any of us. Finally, after what felt like an hour to me, I simply had to say something. Why are all of you taking this course? I asked. One person, a small foreign looking man said, I needed this course to complete my MBA. Others laughed. Another person, a nicely dressed woman, said, Id like to get an easy A.' I thought to myself: What a bummer! I didnt want to be in a group with people who didnt take the subject matter seriously. When the meeting ended, my perceptions of the group had somehow changed. Maybe this was a good group to be in after all. Some of the members had similar interests to mine, and most of them were nice people that I could see getting along with. I felt somehow hopeful that this semester wouldnt be so bad after all. 2. Reflective Observation The student should ask him/herself: What did I observe in the experience and what possible meanings could these observations have? The key task here is to gather as many observations as possible by observing the experience from different points of view. The main skill to work on is perspective taking or what some people call re-framing. Try to look at this experience and describe it from different perspectives. For example, how did other participants view the situation and what did it mean to them? What would a neutral (objective) observer have seen and heard? If some time has passed since the experience, do you now see the situation differently? Look beneath the surface and try to explain why the people involved behaved the way they did. Reflect on these observations to discover the personal meaning that the situation had for you. Helpful hints: (1) If possible, discuss the experience with others who were involved to gain their views and clarify your perceptions. (2) Unhook yourself from the experience and meditate about it in a relaxed atmosphere. Mull over your observations until their personal meaning comes clear to you. Try to figure out why people, and you in particular, behaved as they did. What can you learn about yourself, looking back on the experience? If you write about a conflict or interaction, be sure to analyze both sides and put yourself in the shoes of the other people involved. Examples: In thinking back on the meeting, I began to see how the group might have taken my comments. My comments were, after all, somewhat aggressive. Some might even call them belligerent. Had I said these things before this class, or at work, I must confess that I would have surprised even myself. But it seemed there was more going on here than met my eye at the time. Sarah and Bob at first didnt seem to be the kind of people to combine forces on this job, so why was I arguing against them this time? Then it dawned on me: Their departments were about to be combined into the same division! Why hadnt I remembered that during the meeting? Many thoughts raced through my head. Was the cause of last nights high that we won the game? Was it the first time we had worked together as a group? Maybe the fact that member X wasnt there that night helped! But I still had a nagging hunch that my involvement, downplayed as it was from previous meetings, helped. 3. Abstract Conceptualization By relating assigned readings and lectures to what you experienced, you are demonstrating your ability to understand conceptually abstract material through your experiences. This process will help you refine your model of people and organizations. While some assigned readings and lectures will have varying degrees of relevance to your experience, it is important that you make several references and not limit your conceptualizing to just one source. Use at least two major concepts or theories from the course readings and cite them correctly e.g,, (Osland, Kolb Rubin, 2001, p. 31). By reviewing the assigned reading material, you should be able to identify several specific concepts or theories that relate to your experience. First, briefly define the concept or theory as you would for someone who was not familiar with it. What issue or problem does the theory examine? What variables are used to analyze the problem and how does the theory explain the link between causal variables and outcomes. What suggestions does the theory give as to effective management practices? Second, in a separate paragraph, apply the concept thoroughly to your experience. The tie-in should include the specific details of how the theory relates to and provides insight into your experience. Try to develop diagnostic questions based on the theory that help you to analyze your situation. Does the theory explain what causes certain behaviors or outcomes and were these causes present in your situation? Does the theory distinguish between effective and ineffective practices that help you to understand your situation? Does the experience support or refute parts of the theory? You are encouraged to suggest modifications to a theory to make it fit your particular situation better. Helpful hints: (1) It is sometimes useful to identify theoretical concepts that interest you first and then search out and elaborate on a personal experience that relates to these concepts. (2) An alternative approach is to select an experience you wish to understand better and then select concepts that apply to your experience. The example below shows how one concept was defined and applied in a student PAA. Abstract Conceptualization Example There are several organizational behavior concepts that help me understand this experience. One is the Thomas-Kilman theory of conflict (Osland, p. 284-285) which is based upon two axes, either the concern for ones own interests or the concern for the interests of the other party. The five styles reflect a low or high position on these two axes and are labeled competition, compromise, avoidance, accommodation, and collaboration. In the incident I described, my coach began with a collaborative style, high concern for both his own interests and the interests of the other party. He tried to work out a solution that would satisfy both of us but I neither saw nor heard his point of view. I just wanted to get my own way and practice in the same way I had on my previous team. I see now that the conflict style I used was the competitive style, high concern for my own interests and low concern for the interests of the other party. Looking back, this is the style I have used most often throughout my life; I usually got away with it before because I was such a good athlete. However, my experience with the coach supports the textbooks description (p. 285) of the losses that may result from using this style. I lost everything when I was kicked off the team and I certainly alienated the coach and the other players and discouraged them from wanting to work with me. 4. Active Experimentation This section of the paper should begin by summarizing what you learned about yourself as a result of writing the paper. What new personal insights and practical lessons did you learn about how to more effectively deal with these types of experiences. Make sure to focus on what you learned about yourself, rather than what you learned about someone else, general situations such as group behavior, or processes such as negotiation. This should be presented in a separate paragraph and not buried within your discussion of an action step. Next you should present four action steps that you will take to make you more effective in the future in these situations. (Future actions must be based on the experience reported in the Concrete Experience.) These actions can be stated in the form of guidelines as to how you would act differently or resolutions as to steps you could take to develop or practice particular skills. You should elaborate in detail how you see your action ideas being carried out. A given step might include several related activities to complete it. Sometimes students have a tendency to list an action step and then shift to explaining why they would take the action without sufficiently explaining the actual behavior they would modify. For example, the statement â€Å"I would strive to communicate better because people feel I don’t listen very well† does not tell a reader very much about what you would do to communicate better. Saying that â€Å"I will strive to communicate better by using active listening techniques where I will paraphrase the other’s viewpoint before presenting my own opinion† is a better indication of how you will carry out this action step. There should be a clear link between your action steps and the concepts presented in the abstract conceptualization section. If the theories you selected provide recommendations for improving management practices, you are encouraged to incorporate these ideas in formulating your action steps. Dont just repeat tips from the text. Try to include at least one action resolution that is based upon new knowledge that you have gained about yourself. If you were to re-live your experience, what would you do differently? What would you do to improve the situation? In past student PAA’s it is often difficult to sort out where one action step ends and another begins. Please provide a separate paragraph for each action step and number or otherwise demarcate the separate action steps. For example, â€Å"First, I would .. My second action step would be † This will help the reader differentiate between action steps and will ensure that you provide four distinct action steps as part of your plan. Explain why you would take these action steps. Why would the selected behaviors be likely to improve the situation? Helpful hints: (1) Project a future experience in which you envision the implementation of your ideas and then elaborate on that experience as a way of demonstrating how your actions will be carried out. (2) Where does this situation exist in your life (home, work, school)? Do you need a support system to make it happen? How will you obtain the cooperation of others to jointly improve the situation? (3) Try to imagine the final results of your experimentation. What will it be like if you accomplish what you want to do? Example of Action Steps: How then can I best utilize and improve my achievement motivation? First, I must arrange for some accomplishment feedback. This will be done by designing or perceiving tasks so that I succeed bit-by-bit, gaining a reward each time and thus strengthening my desire to achieve more. Second, I should look to models of achievement. If people around me succeed, it will further stimulate me. I will ask them how they go about setting realistic goals for themselves and observe how they get feedback from others regarding their performance. Third, I should modify my self-image to include my desire for personal challenges and responsibilities and my requirement of continual feedback. (As a first step, I imagine myself as a person who requires or must have success, responsibility, challenge and variety.) I will seek out situations that are more likely to provide these challenges in the future. Fourth, I must learn to control my reveries. Just beyond the borderline of awareness, many of us are constantly talking to ourselves. While it is fun to fantasize, I will try to make sure my aspirations are realistic given my current skills and time available to accomplish my various goals. I will spend time prioritizing my goals to ensure that I don’t try to do too much or too little. Finally, although I would never admit so, I agree that salary is a potential dissatisfier for me. Therefore, I must insist on what I perceive as a fair return for my performance. I will discuss my salary expectations with my supervisor to ensure I know what is expected and also to ensure that my boss knows my expectations. Wish me luck! Here is another example of a good action step, written by a student who wanted to stop being a passive follower and become more of a leader. I am going to take a more active role in team meetings. I will volunteer to be the team facilitator in at least one meeting during this semester. In all other meetings, I am going to make at least two process interventions to help the team function more effectively. To prepare myself, I am going to carefully observe other students who are excellent leaders, and I will read two articles on team leadership. I will also design an evaluation form on my team participation and ask my team to use it to evaluate me after the meeting I facilitate. Based on their feedback, I will continue working on possible weak areas during the rest of this course. 5. Integration and Writing The well written PAA has a focal issue and a story line with themes that are carried throughout each of the four sections. The idea of synergy applies here: The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. If integration is present, then the reader can attend to the content without distraction; if integration is absent, barriers prevent the reader from gaining a full appreciation of the content. Are the major themes that you have identified integrated throughout your paper? Make sure that the reflective observation takes into account the viewpoint of all the key people cited in the concrete experience. Do the concepts cited in abstract conceptualization fit well with these observations? Is there a clear link between the concepts or theories that you cite and the subsequent action steps that you formulate? Citing the theories is not just meant to be an academic exercise it should help guide the analysis of the situation and the planning of practical steps for improving future situations. Other barriers that prevent the reader from fully appreciating the papers content are spelling and grammatical errors, as well as the overall appearance of the final document. Since good writing skills are so important in the business world, there should be no errors in your paper. Use the spell check (and grammar check) on your computer before you hand it in. Sometimes reading a paper aloud will indicate where sections of a paper may need revision to simplify awkward or unclear sentences.

racismhf Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Prejudice and Racism :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:   Racism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The twentieth century has come to an amazing finale.   Racism, ethnic prejudice and hate are on the decline.   Perhaps some of these changes can be attributed to the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in which Mark Twain addresses the issues of racism and slavery. He writes in a humorous, almost childish way, yet the themes are clear and poignant.   Twain utilizes Huck Finn and Jim as the ideal characters because they are the ones at the end of the novel who realize slavery is wrong.   Mark Twain establishes the ideals by portraying them through the protagonists, Huck and Jim and criticizes the failure to live up to them by portraying them through the antagonists, Miss Watson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prejudice can be observed throughout the novel by the way the other characters treat Huck.   Twain portrays Huck as an average boy of his time, mischievous, adventurous and funny.   The society Huck lives in labels him "uncivilized" because he has an abusive, drunk father.   "By and by pap got too handy with his hick'ry and I couldn't stand it.   I was all over with welts" (Twain page #).   Here the reader can observe the ultimate failure of an uncivilized person.   Pap is an alcoholic, a dead beat and a racist.   Nevertheless, society also considered Huck   "uncivilized" because he did not wear shoes did not always attend school and he smoked.   Society criticized Huck as uncivilized due to physical appearance when really Huck turned out to be more civilized than any other character in the novel because he learns how to respect Jim.   Through the ironic criticism of society trying to civilize Huck, Huck teaches us a lesson on bein g civilized.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, Jim runs away from his slave owner, Miss Watson.   By doing a thing like that Jim could have been killed or beat.   The people of Jim’s society would not have even listened to him or even considered his reason.   "Well, you see, it 'uz dis way.   Ole missus-dat's Miss Watson- she pecks on me all de time, en treats me pooty rough, but she alwuz said she wouln' sell me down to Orleans. ... but she could git eight hund'd dollars for me" (Twain page #).   Twain wanted to show, through Jim, just how cruel people were and how those feelings were condoned by society.   Twain also shows the ideal of freedom through Jim and the failure to live up to that freedom when Miss Watson sells him.

Mercedes Benz Operations Management Essay

Executive Summary Daimler Mercedes-Benz is one of the most valuable companies around the world; it is ranked number ten out of 100 leading brands worldwide (Bestglobalbrands.com, 2014), Mercedes-Benz is part of Daimler AG which is one of the best leaders in automobiles brands. The Daimler AG brand aims to deliver services, value and premium quality to its customers. The company has 14 sub-companies that produce cars, vans, trucks, and financial services. It has more than 100 vehicle models in over 200 countries worldwide, offering high quality products is the company’s strategy and  goal. Daimler Mercedes-Benz cars have sold 1,565,563 million unit with revenues of over 64,307 million euros; with over 274,000 thousand employees in 2013, the company has also invested in plants and equipment worth over 3,751 billion euros (Daimler AG, 2013). This management report includes an in-depth study of the operations management inside the company, by covering the most important parts of the company such as manufacture, assembly line and warehouses management. The aim of this report is to study current issues as well as the status of the company and how changes in demand can be handled. At the end of this report, the conclusion and recommendations offer the company solutions to prevent any issues that they may face during the production life cycle. Part (A) A-I: Operations Management at Daimler Mercedes-Benz  Quality & Material Management Mercedes Benz’ manufacturers use a global quality management system to ensure that their automobile products meeting their standards, which in return increase customer loyalty to the brand. Producing high quality automobiles is the goal of Daimler- Mercedes’ strategy to meet the customer’s requirements, as well as opening a new road for new customers to experience Mercedes automobiles. Recently, the company has aimed to increase quality by adding extra environmentally friendly features to their products to help the global environment (Daimler AG, 2013). However, Mercedes Benz’ customer satisfaction can be damaged by quality worries. Alarms led the company to take the decision to recall over 250,000 cars from the year 2008 until late 2014 for mechanical and safety concerns at the assembly line. Mercedes recalled these vehicles to be serviced immediately for customer safety (Jensen, 2014). On the other hand, BMW had to recall fewer vehicles than Mercedes Benz, for immediate maintenance related to mechanical issues. Such issues could cause a crash due to a power fault in the engine (CBS Miami, 2014). Outsourcing outside Germany had increased this risk for Mercedes Benz, by decreasing the company quality and safety. The company recalled more than 55,000 vehicles that were produced in  China because of a faulty circuit made by the manufacturer (Wantchinatimes.com, 2014). These issues are related to the quality management of the company, and can decrease customer loyalty, which could lead them to consider changing to other brands. Quality and safety issues affect the company’s yearly ranking, which in return can increase or decrease their total revenues. Quality is one of the most important components for the company to keep ahead of the competition. Furthermore, according to (Miller and Lundegaard, 2002) Mercedes’ quality has to be bulletproof as the highest company priority, through closing any gaps that occurred through previous issues. The increasing numbers of sub-model cars can also affect the brand quality through increasing any risk issues once launched to the public. Furthermore, according to (Stephen, 2004) Mercedes customers have high expectations about the high quality promised by the company. In 2003, the company disappointed many customers when they sold over 2000 vehicles with an extra option for a navigation system, which were not ready to be delivered at the right time, also accompanied by other mechanical issues. On the other hand, the company made an announcement about its new high quality hydraulic breaking system, which increased its competitiveness in terms of safety and quality against other competitors in the industry. Our company should make sure that manufacturers deliver products with the highest design specification, in order to be order-winner quality conformance, by delivering products with no defects (Hill and Hill, 2012). Furthermore, improvements in quality lead to a decrease in cost for the company. According to (Evans, 1997) higher quality products lead to a decrease in costs for the company through higher productivity: ‘improvements in quality leads to lower cost because of less re-work, fewer mistakes, fewer delays and snags’ (Evans 1997, P.55). Speed According to (Hill and Hill, 2012), synchronising all supply chain activities through using the same data, and completing production at the scheduled time, coordinated between the manufacturer and suppliers, enables manufacturers to respond quickly to the demand changes. Therefore, synchronisation ensures that our manufacturers are able to deliver products faster and more flexibly to the customers. Furthermore, Daimler Mercedes-Benz understand what customers are looking for, therefore the company is expanding our dealers network to meet the customer requirements for vehicle availability. Our company’s relationship with the current suppliers is improving every day to minimise any risk of supplying defective vehicles (Automotivesupplychain.org, 2013). In addition, working closely with suppliers reflects positively on our brand’s customer service. In 2008, the company faced a problem with one of its suppliers, which caused a delay in one of our products models. The supplier was supposed to deliver special battery materials to the manufacturer’s warehouses (Ireson, 2008). However, the supplier refused to meet Mercedes-Benz’ requirements, which caused a delay in delivery and to use of low quality batteries which were defective. Our company is using the powerful application to manage our suppliers, this application is called SAP, it is making our supply chain management more efficient, flexible, and at the lowest cost. The SAP solves any gaps in the company’s capabilities by using the supply chain fingerprint system to scan all the parts and materials; these technologies is helping the company to reduce any extra cost (mSE Solutions, 2012). In addition, the SAP increases the flexibility of our manufacture as well as increasing the speed of delivery for the customers, through just in time (JIT). It does this by enabling many features for the dealer to calculate the vehicle price of the order during the order stage and at the same time getting an order-number to track the order. All these steps are integrated together into the supply chain management system, and are informed by each stage of the order (Infosys, 2005). This synchronises the information in real-time, reflecting on the company strategy to change with demand. Also, there are advantages in using the SAP application to manage our company warehouses where the company stores materials for vehicles. By sending orders for the warehouse to get ready to deliver an order to the assembly line, this can achieved by using the just in time (JIT) efficient method for manufacturing. In the meantime, this creates an extra space for new materials in the storage area at the  warehouse; the SAP system will already be sending a new order to fill and stack those storage areas for future orders from the system (Bayigen, 2012). All these measures combine to increase the speed, therefore reducing the cost of manufacture, and maintaining dependability in an efficient way. For our company dependability is an important factor of the company’s success, it reduces any ambiguity within the supply chain management (Slack et al., 2012). Dependability and Flexibility Our company had dependability issues in 2014. This dependability issue started after launching the new high quality CLA-Class model at an affordable price. Dealers of Mercedes-Benz could not deliver the new model on time, meaning customers had to wait at least two months until they are available in stock. Not keeping up with high demand could lead to loss of brand-loyal customers or interested buyers who are willing to trade in or paying cash immediately. This makes our company less flexible in terms of adapting to changes in customer demand (Flierl, 2014). Cost Our company differentiation strategy to produce high quality luxury cars is inspiring in itself, in terms of the creation of unique high quality vehicles that exceed our customers’ expectations. Our company charges a premium price for most of its models. This differentiation strategy helps the company to increase the brand image positively in our customers’ eyes, by including high-end technology and unique services (Tanwar, 2013). Also, our company provide different vehicles types with unique colours including high variety and volume to attract new costumers as well as reducing the unit cost from the supplier side. On the other hand, our company variation in demand is high due to the complexity of the production and the way that we keep in touch with the demand. A-II: Process Management at Daimler Mercedes-Benz Process management is a vital part of our company success. According to (Slack et al., 2012), operations and process management can break the whole business at any stage or place when they are managed in the wrong way. Furthermore, processes at Daimler Mercedes-Benz are internationally the same. Our processes include inputs, via a transformation stage, to create and deliver high quality outputs that meet the customer expectations and more. Customers’ orders are processed through the operations system as soon as they ask for a particular model. Types of Daimler Mercedes-Benz customers 1) Customers asking for a particular model through the dealer: Most of the time, Mercedes-Benz dealers have all the models in the showroom and ready to be sold. In the case of high demand for a model, dealers will have to order a new delivery from our company in order to manage the demand. 2) Customers asking for a particular model through the website: The company’s website gives customers details about car models. The website also allows customer to customise their desired car by adding extra features to the interior or exterior of the car model. Furthermore, when the customer is at the order-check out, it will automatically locate the nearest dealer to the customer to confirm the order. Once the dealer confirms the order, the order is entered into the SAP application and sent to the manufacturer. Where our company has already launched the new vehicle model, these models are produced using these processes: Advanced Design Process Daimler Mercedes-Benz’ models are designed by 440 designers from all over the world, from countries including the United States of America, Europe, and Asia. These designers are responsible for designing future cars using their creativity and imagination. Our company has invested millions of dollars into building high technology designing studios to meet the future of these  automobiles. Here, designers are involved in the development of each model through strategic management, to operation management of the vehicle design. Designers at Mercedes Benz control the design process as well as the model’s lifecycle, from the drawing stage to the stage where the interior and exterior meets the company’s quality standards. From here, the design is moved into a virtual digital design on computers, to add features and a superior look. The design process takes a long time, in some cases more than three years (Media.daimler.com, 2010). According to (Slack et al., 2012), designing process types depend on the complexity of the project. Mercedes-Benz vehicles tend to take too long to be designed, making their projects low volume as well as having a high variety of projects. The design process is sent to the board of management at our company with a planned schedule for the production life cycle. Approval is sought from the board of management: this stage of accepting or rejecting the new design impacts on the production process. The production process then involves the body shop and the assembly line. The Body and paint Shop (Raw Materials and Workers job commitment) High technology robots create the vehicle bodies including the metal shell. After the board of management have accepted the new vehicle design, the robots transform the design concept into reality by producing the body parts. Over 1200 robots are in daily operation at Mercedes Benz U.S. International, in order to increase the speed of production. These robots are used to guarantee quality and fast delivery. This means the workers can knows exactly when supplies are coming. This ensures that the line is not stacked with vehicle parts in order to make the process more flexible. Furthermore, the SAP application helps to reduce the chance of late delivery by ensuring that the parts are on time and by checking availability of the materials at the warehouses. Our company ensures that customer quality and safety standards are met by increasing the welding parts to more than 5000 welds on each vehicle. When the process is done, engineers have to check the quality of the vehicle as well as following the ‘just in time’ method in sending them on to the next process. Workers at the body shop are well  trained to meet standards such as safety and cleanliness of the work place (Mbusi.com, 2012). The Assembly Line Implementing innovation in the Mercedes-Benz assembly line is one of its drivers to success. An example of this is our assembly line at Mercedes Benz U.S. International which contains four lines. When parts are finished at the paint shop, our assembly line and its workers are ready to build up the final vehicle shape. Our strategy makes the assembly line moves while the workers are working, which decreases waste in terms of time. Suppliers respond to our strategy to be environmentally friendly by using re-usable plastic packages. At the end of the assembly line stage, there is a new stage of quality checks, including a rattle test, wheel alignment test, roll test, and shower test. These all ensure that the quality meets the company standards. After the quality check results are confirmed (Mbusi.com, 2012), the vehicles are made ready for worldwide shipping by transporting them to the marshalling yard, containing the transportation areas. Customer Service Strategy At Daimler Mercedes-Benz, customer service plays a big role in the brand image. It helps the company to ensure that customers are satisfied and their expectations are met. To satisfy customers, their perception of the product needs to match the delivered product (Johnston et al, 2012). Our company had created a new service called customer service assistant system CSA in order to provide customers with a broad range of services in each country. This customer service assistant system is available 24/7in order to assist owners of the vehicles, so they can be in contact with any issues that may occur. Furthermore, the company is also investing in research for future customer needs. Staff can speak many languages, making the service more efficient and more flexible. The CSA allows customers to complain about any issues relating to their vehicle. The CSA system studies and checks each issue, while also sending the customer to their nearest Mercedes-Benz dealer to resolve the issue as soon as possible. This strategy helps our company to  ensure that the functionality of the customer services meets and exceeds customers’ expectations (sustainability.daimler.com, 2012). The company’s current customer services include: Safe-Driving courses for the safety of the owners Rescue services booklet 24/7 emergency breakdown assistance Financial services After-sales services According to (Hill and Hill, 2012), quality is determined by how well a company’s services meet their customers’ requirements and expectations. Our company CSA system is meeting the customers’ expectations by contacting them after their purchase to ensure that they are happy with the service. Including customers by ask for recommendations. This strategy provides our company with extra information about areas that we should cover in the future, which increases the company sales revenue; and decreases vehicle defects, which saves time. Furthermore, accepting customers’ complaints helps our company to look again at how the manufacturer produces car models in the future. This ensures that our customers are satisfied by the services provided. The after-sales services should be prepared for any mistake in the manufacture, by informing customers one-by-one once any issues have been discovered. Inventory Management At Daimler Mercedes-Benz, each region has its own warehouse where the company stores all the parts of the car models. Each region has its own geographic areas where temperatures can range from below zero degrees to over 35 degrees. These parts are either sent to the manufacture or to the after-sales services. Furthermore, our company is the owner of the most warehouses across the world. Our company uses SAP to control these parts in each region. However, the company failed to ensure that the warehouses were ready to send vehicles for its new CLA model. This is an alarm for the company, warning it to look into the system in order to catch up with high demand. It also shows that there was a time-waste issue between delivering  the materials to the manufacturers and new orders for new materials to be stocked in the warehouses. This may cause issues in the future when it comes to high demand orders. There may be an increased risk of unavailable parts. Furthermore, when the inventory management fails to catch up with demand by putting customers in queues, this can make these customers unhappy, which can affect the company’s revenue in other ways (Slack et al., 2012). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Our company is facing material shortages from the suppliers. These shortages notified our managers to focus more on research from around the world, in order to implement new ideas by finding solutions. At Mercedes-Benz’ our suppliers are local suppliers in each country, working under specific conditions and requirements. The aim in commissioning local suppliers is to reduce time, so materials can be delivered to the ware house ‘just in time’, further decreasing extra costs for the company (BayIgen, 2012). One of the issues that faced our company when a certain supplier was not able to deliver batteries on time was the resulting delay in the production process. This delay affected customer demand, causing customers to look at other products. Therefore, the company is now using the SAP application to manage their suppliers. The Process Chart A-III: Lean Management at Mercedes Benz At Mercedes-Benz, lean management has been in place for more than 15 years; lean management is a vital part of our operation management. This is achieved through using the Mercedes-Benz production system (MPS), which refers to: layout, standards, tools of the production, and the methods for operating our company plants worldwide. Furthermore, MPS is divided into two systems: one for training and the other for support. The MPS training centre ensures that our trained experts are working hard and are well motivated on the production line as well. It also ensures that improvements are made by managers, meeting the minimum company requirements and standards. The  process of training employees and managers at Mercedes-Benz takes more than six months. This involves the employees in the operation processes, in order to deliver the quality of services that our customer expects. MPS trainees receive one type of training that covers the theories and four types of training that put what they have learnt into practice. MPS aims to enhance communications between the plants, leading our company to ensure that lean synchronisation processes are well constructed, in order to eliminate waste. A significant approach to eliminating waste of time is used by our company. When the our workforce understands exactly how important high quality is to the company, each employee has the experience and is well enough equipped with the minimum tools to do the given job role. Then the employee can find the car set up, with the tools next to him and ready to be used (Daimler AG, 2012). A new strategy has been developed by the company to take a closer look at customer demand. This strategy is based on launching our products in public. At the same time the plant has started production of a new model to test and catch up with demand in each country, by applying the lean and just in time principles to reduce overproduction as well as producing what our customer needs at a given time, and delivering a high quality car model (Azok, 2014). This new strategy strengthens our company view on demand as well as producing high quality car models as soon as possible, meeting our customers’ expectations. Other plants around the world are, one by one, each month, preparing to start production. It is clear that the company is doing its best to forecast customer demand. Furthermore, according to (Slack et al., 2012), implementing lean synchronisation in a company operations means that they can produce at the lowest possible cost and the highest quality. This is achieved through delivering exactly what the customers expect from the company. Also, applying this method our plants in other countries, to produce cars at different times, enables our company to handle any mistakes or errors that may occur at the first plant by compensating and changing at other plants. Thus, it will decrease quality issues, since information can be shared between our plants ‘just in time’. In return, this will ensure that efficiency and improvement principles are in place, reducing costs as well as eliminating unnecessary steps. The ‘just in time’ (JIT) concept of Mercedes-Benz is similar to Toyota’s concept. The assembly line at Mercedes-Benz can handle producing new models, reducing the time needed to build a new assembly line and to commission new plants. This represents a cost incentive for the company. Since the assembly lines at our company are able to handle new models, this will decrease the setup time, which in return will reduce waste of resources. According to (Evans, 1997), setup time reduction will increase the flexibility of the production line by decreasing the production time as well as decreasing the inventory; furthermore, it increases company productivity. The similarities between Mercedes-Benz’ production system (MPS) and Toyota’s production system lie in their JIT, pull production and kanban systems. These enable both companies to produce any quantity of vehicles depending on demand. They help the company to use available materials depending on the demand level. At this point, our company is going to replace containers of used materials with new containers by asking our long-term suppliers to send a new order. This uses a high technology card that can be removed from the container and scanned using the MPS system. It then sends the new order to our supplier. In this way, MPS minimises the inventory as well as using minimum inputs to produce the highest outputs (Clarke, 2006). Our company has already received many awards for its lean production as well as for reducing the production of many models from 43 to 30 hours in 2015. This is enabled by our lean production system, which has reduced waste in terms of time (Hamprecht, 2012). Part (B) Capacity Management at Mercedes Benz Daimler Mercedes-Benz’ capacity management failed to chase the demand for our new CLA model. According to (Hill and Hill, 2012), capacity means serving customers by delivering products through matching the organisation’s resources to current demand. Our company could not cope with the high volume of requests for this model due to an inaccurate estimation of demand. The management team needs to be more efficient in chasing demand by tweaking the  output to match the current demand of this model. This would start with hiring more labour and asking workers if they are able to take overtime shifts in order to fulfil the high volume production. This could then decrease the number of customers who were dissatisfied by the delay, waiting for more than three months in the queue. Also, since that our company already has a long-term strategy for achieving high demand, the company should consider asking the nearest plants outside the country whether they have products ready to be dispatched directly. Weak cooperation between those countries could cause delays. The complexity of the operation process affected the delivery of the CLA model. The management team could have waited longer before launching the model to the public, by checking all the available resources. Nevertheless, our company manufacturers were not ready to deliver ready products on time to the customers. This led to a hard decision for managers to decide what is best for both the company and customers. The decision to make customers wait in queues for three months until this model is available is, in the customers’ eyes, harming our company’s image. Furthermore, the warning signs of being out of stock were not checked properly; from this it is clear that our staff should be more skilled. Also, asking for recalls for defective models due to manufacturing issues, affects the quality of the production inside the manufacturer as well as our customers will be unhappy. Quality is a high priority problem, which negatively affects our company relationship with the customers, leading to queues, as with the shortage of CLA models. Lack of dependability and flexibility can decrease our company sales revenue as well as increasing in costs, which in return reduces our lean synchronisation. The company was aware of these risks yet our company decided to launch the new CLA model. Our company is already scheduling our future growth by investing in expanding our capacity. This will lead our company being more flexible in the future, as well as better able to serve high customer demand. Our company has realised that there is a lack of space for expansions in many places, therefore our company is looking to find more locations to build up new assembly lines to enhance our production (Daimler.com, 2013). It is  important that the company should always attempt to catch up with demand to ensure that our customers are satisfied, as well as to increase our sales revenues. An automobile manufacturer should always match the existing material flow with production, and also ensure that the company record the capacity planning in order to get more details about our actual capacity. This will enable our company to control the demand properly. Also, when our company could not control the demand, this led the company to face many challenges relating to our supply chain management. When a company cannot meet customer demand, this makes it more difficult for the company to manage their capacity. This complexity is called the ‘bullwhip effect’, suppliers should expand their current capacity in order to be more flexible to catch up with the high demand on the materials (University Alliance, 2015). Capacity management has many levels. In the case of our company, the capacity level depends on demand, especially as most of the services that Mercedes-Benz offer are related to physical materials such as vehicles and service parts. This is considered to be a mixed long-term capacity which depends on demand. The demand forecast in our company is different from one year to another. Accurately forecasting the demand means that our company has the ability to evaluate uncertain risks that may occur. Also there is a value in operational terms, in knowing our company’s limits: knowing what we can and cannot do. On the other hand, our company already has experts who control our capacity. Controlling capacity means planning at an advanced level for companies to be well-prepared in terms of: responding to uncertain changes in terms of demand; and controlling the inventory and warehouses so that inputs are ready to be transformed into outputs. This will benefit companies and manufacturers in terms of increasing revenues, and through establishing an organisation where high demand places pressure on the parties inside the company (Slack et al., 2012). Part (C) Conclusion and Recommendations Dependability is an important factor that can help the supply chain to deal  with high demand. According to (Slack et al., 2012), focusing on dependability at an earlier point may reduce uncertainty about any risks that the manufacturer may face. This is especially important when it comes to dealing with quantities; our manufactures should focus more on delivering products on time. Dealers should be prepared for such an event and could be warned by the manufacture of high demand in order to be prepared to be flexible at an earlier stage in the order. Covering a high demand of orders from customers is important. In order to satisfy them, our company should be more flexible to reduce the impact of any events that may occur. The company should address quality issues at an earlier stage. The company already conducts high quality checks on each process and stage. It is highly recommended to report any concerns that may appear during the product life cycle. Reporting these at an earlier stage will give our company extra time to find proper solutions. In the case of covering the inventory management, our company failed with the new CLA model. The company should consider looking again at the whole warehouse system. It is recommended that the operations manager should focus on increasing the physical quantity stored in warehouses inside the company, in order to anticipate future demand as well as increasing the company’s value to its customers. Also, since that our company is the owner of most of the warehouses, it is a competitive advantage to never be out of stock, even when the demand is increasing. Furthermore, the warehouses at Daimler Mercedes-Benz should become more efficient through using the SAP application. The company should consider giving more opportunities for the employees to gain more skills and experiences. Since our company is investing in capacity, it is also a competitive advantage for us to always be ahead of demand; this will ensure that the company increases levels of customer satisfaction, whereby products meet customer demand. Being able to forecast the demand on a daily basis will help the company to decide whether they should invest more in capacity or reduce the number of suppliers. Mercedes-Benz should focus more on suppliers’ entry requirements and how a long-term or short-term arrangement can be an advantage or disadvantage for the company. Managing suppliers in an effective way will reduce any extra cost as well as making sure that our suppliers realise the company requirements in terms of JIT. In addition, our company should enhance its relationships with all suppliers. This will ensure that the suppliers are happy when they are dealing with our company and are not likely to provide the company with defective products. 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